Inflow and Retention in OSS Communities with Commercial Involvement: A Case Study of Three Hybrid Projects

被引:38
|
作者
Zhou, Minghui [1 ,4 ]
Mockus, Audris [2 ,5 ]
Ma, Xiujuan [3 ]
Zhang, Lu [1 ,4 ]
Mei, Hong [1 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Peking Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China
[2] Univ Tennessee, 211 Mt Airy Rd, Knoxville, TN USA
[3] Natl Inst Network & Informat Secur, Beijing 100031, Peoples R China
[4] Minist Educ, Key Lab High Confidence Software Technol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China
[5] Avaya Labs Res, 211 Mt Airy Rd, Basking Ridge, NJ USA
基金
中国国家自然科学基金;
关键词
Measurement; Human Factors; Hybrid project; commercial involvement; contributor inflow; contributor retention; extent and intensity of involvement; natural experiment; OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE; INNOVATION; MOTIVATION;
D O I
10.1145/2876443
中图分类号
TP31 [计算机软件];
学科分类号
081202 ; 0835 ;
摘要
Motivation: Open-source projects are often supported by companies, but such involvement often affects the robust contributor inflow needed to sustain the project and sometimes prompts key contributors to leave. To capture user innovation and to maintain quality of software and productivity of teams, these projects need to attract and retain contributors. Aim: We want to understand and quantify how inflow and retention are shaped by policies and actions of companies in three application server projects. Method: We identified three hybrid projects implementing the same JavaEE specification and used published literature, online materials, and interviews to quantify actions and policies companies used to get involved. We collected project repository data, analyzed affiliation history of project participants, and used generalized linear models and survival analysis to measure contributor inflow and retention. Results: We identified coherent groups of policies and actions undertaken by sponsoring companies as three models of community involvement and quantified tradeoffs between the inflow and retention each model provides. We found that full control mechanisms and high intensity of commercial involvement were associated with a decrease of external inflow and with improved retention. However, a shared control mechanism was associated with increased external inflow contemporaneously with the increase of commercial involvement. Implications: Inspired by a natural experiment, our methods enabled us to quantify aspects of the balance between community and private interests in open-source software projects and provide clear implications for the structure of future open-source communities.
引用
收藏
页数:29
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