Energy-efficient power control for uplink spectrum-sharing heterogeneous networks

This article considers energy-efficient power control schemes for interference management in uplink spectrum-sharing heterogeneous networks that maximize the energy efficiency of users, protect the macro base station, and support users with QoS consideration. In the first scenario, we define the objective function as the weighted sum of the energy efficiencies and develop an efficient global optimization algorithm with global linear and local quadratic rate of convergence to solve the considered problem. To ensure fairness among individual user equipments (UEs) in terms of energy efficiency, we consider the max-min problem, where the objective is defined as the weighted minimum of the energy efficiencies, and a fractional programming theory and the dual decomposition method are jointly used to solve the problem and investigate an iterative algorithm. As by-products, we further discuss the global energy efficiency problem and consider near-optimal schemes. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate significant improvements of the proposed algorithms over existing interference management schemes.