A study of radiative Auger emission, satellites and hypersatellites in photon-induced K x-ray spectra of some elements in the range 20 ≤ Z ≤ 32

Photon-induced K x-ray spectra of Ca, Ti, Fe, Zn and Ge have been investigated. The measurements have been made using a crystal spectrometer combined with a thin scintillation detector. Excited by the collimated photon beam from an Ph-anode x-ray tube, the spectra of all these elements reveal the existence of radiative Auger emission (RAE) structure and the satellite and hypersatellite lines along with the diagram lines. The energies and intensities of the K alpha(2), K alpha(1), K beta(1,3) and K beta(5) diagram lines and the K alpha satellites and hypersatelIite transitions are presented. The intensity of the RAE structure corresponding to the K beta(1,3) x-ray transition and the energy of the RAE edge for each element is also reported. The measured results have been compared with the values from other sources such as electron/heavy-ion excitation and theoretical values. From the intensities of the satellite lines of these elements, the average L-vacancy fraction P-L has been deduced in each case.