THE USE OF WATER IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR: A PROCEDURE FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF LARGE-SCALE IRRIGATION EFFICIENCY WITH GIS

被引:7
|
作者
Tromboni, Flavia [1 ]
Bortolini, Lucia [1 ]
Martello, Marco [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Terr & Sistemi Agroforestali TESAF, I-35100 Padua, Italy
关键词
decision support system; river-basin model; cluster analysis; rotation delivery scheduling; systeme d'aide a la prise de decision; modele de bassin fluvial; analyse de cluster; planning de rotation de distribution; AVAILABILITY; PERFORMANCE; MANAGEMENT;
D O I
10.1002/ird.1833
中图分类号
S3 [农学(农艺学)];
学科分类号
0901 ;
摘要
Large-scale water assessment models can be valid decision support systems for water management institutions. We developed a spatially distributed model in order to evaluate efficiencies of irrigation scenarios. Model development required four stages: questionnaire data collection from farmers, integration of questionnaire data with water supply and physical soil characteristics data, cluster analysis with Management Zone Analyst, and GIS for spatial distribution. Four irrigation scenarios in the north-east of Italy were compared: (i) the current condition (three turns of 24h of supplied water per month), (ii) scenario 2 (three turns of 16h of supplied water per month), (iii) scenario 3 (four turns of 12h per month); and (iv) scenario 4 (4 turns of 10h per month). In the current irrigation scheme, results show high potential water excess in every month of the irrigation season. Shifting from three to four irrigation turns per month increased the probability of water excess, because water losses decreased and water availability for plants increased. For the same reason, potential water excess increased when the duration of each turn decreased, even when the total water supply was reduced. The irrigation efficiency index, therefore, was lowest in scenario 1 compared to the other scenarios. Scenario 4, in contrast, was the most efficient. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. RESUME Les modeles d'evaluation de l'irrigation a grande echelle peuvent constituer un bon systeme d'aide a la prise de decision pour les institutions de gestion d'eau. Nous avons mis en place un modele de distribution spatiale capable de comparer differents scenarios pour en evaluer l'efficience. La mise en place du modele a suivi quatre etapes: recolte de donnees avec questionnaires aux agriculteurs, integration des donnees d'alimentation en eau de caracteristiques physiques du sol, analyse en cluster avec Management Zone Analyst (MZA) et Systemes d'information geographique (GIS) pour la distribution. Nous avons compare quatre scenarios dans le nord-est de l'Italie: la situation actuelle (trois sessions mensuelles alimentation en eau de 24h), le scenario n degrees 2 (trois sessions de 16h par mois), scenario n degrees 3 (4 sessions de 12h), et, le scenario n degrees 4, de 4 sessions de 10h. Dans le schema d'irrigation actuel, les resultats montrent une forte probabilite d'exces d'eau pendant tous les mois de la saison d'irrigation. En changeant de trois a quatre sessions d'irrigation par mois, la probabilite d'exces a augmente car les pertes d'eau diminuaient et il y avait une plus grande quantite d'eau disponible pour la croissance des plantes. Pour la meme raison, l'exces d'eau potentiel augmentait quand la duree des sessions diminuait, meme si la fourniture en eau totale diminuait. L'indice d'efficience d'irrigation etait donc le plus faible pour le scenario 1 compare aux autres. Le scenario 4 etait le plus efficient. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
引用
收藏
页码:440 / 450
页数:11
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