The symbiosis between basic and applied research

To illustrate the interdependence between the solution of practical problems and the search for fundamental mechanisms, their relationship within the contexts of the history of night myopia and the problem of nighttime traffic accidents is discussed. Night myopia, or nearsightedness at night, which has been a problem since the late 18th century, was shown to be the result of a recently discovered oculomotor mechanism, the intermediate resting position of accommodation. With this knowledge, the handicap of nearsightedness at night (a major problem in nighttime viewing such as driving and military operations) is readily amenable to solution. Recent developments in our knowledge of the functional significance of the nervous system has led to an increased understanding of the cause and to amelioration of nighttime traffic accidents. These developments illustrate the symbiotic relationship between basic and applied research and the benefits to be gained by consideration of both objectives.