Genetic and environmental effects on reproduction traits of an equine herd of the Brazilian Army

This study aimed to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters for foaling interval (FI), age at first foaling (AFF), generation interval (GI), reproductive life (RL) and foaling date distribution in equines of four genetic groups: Brazilian Showjumper (BS), Thoroughbred (Th), Hanoverian (HAN) and No Defined Breed (NDB). Data collected from 1977 to 2002 was provided by a Brazilian Army herd. Models used for analyses included the fixed effects of month and year of foaling and measuring, age of dam, foal sex and genetic group. With the exceptions of number of foaling and birth year of dam for foaling date and genetic group for AFF, fixed effects were significant sources of variation for the reproductive traits. The average for FI was 563.9 days and it was significantly influenced by breed effect. There was a trend towards a reduction on FI as younger dams entered the population. The average for AFF was 7.17 years and it was significantly influenced by birth year of the dam. Average reproductive life was 5.34 years. The highest value (6.70 years) was observed for BS and the lowest one (4.24 years) for Th. The average number of foals was 22.98 per stallion and 3.7 per mare. The GI was 13.05 years for males and 9.99 years for females. Heritability estimates for reproductive traits were low. Replacement of dams at younger age and less use of Th may improve the reproductive efficiency of this herd.