Comparison of bronchodilating and antiinflammatory activities of oral formoterol and its (R,R)-enantiomers

AIM: To compare the bronchodilating and antiinflammatory effects of oral racemic formoterol (rac-FMT) and (R, R)-formoterol (R,R-FMT). METHODS: The changes of lung resistance (R(L)), dynamic lung compliance (C(dyn)), and the accumulation of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) induced by ovalbumin aerosol in sensitized guinea pigs and mice were investigated in vivo. RESULTS: Mean value increase of RL and mean value reduction of Cdyn from 1 to 30 min after antigen challenge were up to 101 %+/-34 % and 42 %+/-7 %, respectively. rac-FMT. 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg, and RR-FMT 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg ig, induced dose-related inhibition of the bronchoconstrictive responses to aerosolised ovalbumin. ID,0 (95 % confidence limits, 95 % CL) value of rac-FMT on RL maximal increase and Cdyn maximal reduction at 5 min were 0.64 (0.54-0.76) and 1.02 (0.88-1.18) mg/kg, respectively. For RR-FMT they were 0.46 (0.40-0.53) and 0.52 (0.45-0.61) mg/kg, respectively. ID(50) (95 % CL) value of rac-FMT on RL mean increase and Cdyn mean reduction from 1 to 30 min were 0.96 (0.86-1.07) and 1.59 (1.32-1.92) mg/kg, respectively. For RR-FMT they were 0.52 (0.45-0.59) and 0.43 (0.37-0.51) mg/kg, respectively. Ovalbumin-aerosol challenge induced an increase of inflammatory cells in BALF in sensitized mice. rac-FMT and RR-FMT caused a dose-dependent and almost complete inhibition at 2.0 mg/kg. ID(50) (95 % CL) of rac-FMT on the number of total inflammatory cells and eosinophil in BALF were 1.48 (1.22-1.81) and 0.80 (0.62-1.04) mg/kg, respectively. ID(50) (95 % CL) of RR-FMT were 0.80 (0.57-1.13) and 0.60 (0.43-0.83) mg/kg, respectively. CONCLUSION: RR-FMT protected lung against increase of R(L) and reduction of C(dyn). induced by bronchial challenge of ovalbumin in the asthma model of guinea pigs, and inhibited airway inflammation in the sensitized mice. Efficacy of RR-FMT was approximately 2-fold than that of rac-FMT.