Single-Shot MeV Transmission Electron Microscopy with Picosecond Temporal Resolution

Pushing the limits in temporal resolution for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) requires a revolutionary change in the electron source technology. In this paper, we study the possibility of employing a radio-frequency photoinjector as the electron source for a time-resolved TEM. By raising the beam energy to the relativistic regime, we minimize the space-charge effects which otherwise limit the spatiotemporal resolution of the instrument. Analysis and optimization of the system taking into account the achievable beam brightness, electron flux on the sample, chromatic and spherical aberration of the electron optic system, and space-charge effects in image formation are presented and supported by detailed numerical modeling. The results demonstrate the feasibility of 10-nm-10-ps spatiotemporal resolution single-shot MeV TEM.