Human Gut Microbiota-associated Gastrointestinal Malignancies: A Comprehensive Review

被引:6
|
作者
Bonde, Apurva [1 ]
Daly, Sean [1 ]
Kirsten, Julia [1 ]
Kondapaneni, Sainath [2 ]
Mellnick, Vincent [3 ]
Menias, Christine O. [4 ]
Katabathina, Venkata S. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Texas Hlth San Antonio, Dept Radiol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
[2] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
[3] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Mallinckrodt Inst Radiol, St Louis, MO USA
[4] Mayo Clin, Dept Radiol, Scottsdale, AZ USA
关键词
ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; GASTRIC-CANCER; PROBIOTICS; CARCINOMA; BARRETTS; ADENOCARCINOMA; INFLAMMATION; PATHOGENESIS; METAPLASIA;
D O I
10.1148/rg.2021200168
中图分类号
R8 [特种医学]; R445 [影像诊断学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100207 ; 1009 ;
摘要
The human gastrointestinal tract houses trillions of microbes. The gut and various types of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and archaea, form a complex ecosystem known as the gut microbiota, and the whole genome of the gut microbiota is referred to as the gut microbiome. The gut microbiota is essential for homeostasis and the overall well-being of a person and is increasingly considered an adjunct "virtual organ," with a complexity level comparable to that of the other organ systems. The gut microbiota plays an essential role in nutrition, local mucosal homeostasis, inflammation, and the mucosal immune system. An imbalanced state of the gut microbiota, known as dysbiosis, can predispose to development of various gastrointestinal malignancies through three speculated pathogenic mechanisms: (a) direct cytotoxic effects with damage to the host DNA, (b) disproportionate proinflammatory signaling inducing inflammation, and (c) activation of tumorigenic pathways or suppression of tumor-suppressing pathways. Several microorganisms, including Helicobacter pylori, Epstein-Barr virus, human papillomavirus, Mycoplasma species, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus bovis, are associated with gastrointestinal malignancies such as esophageal adenocarcinoma, gastric adenocarcinoma, gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, colorectal adenocarcinoma, and anal squamous cell carcinoma. Imaging plays a pivotal role in diagnosis and management of microbiota-associated gastrointestinal malignancies. Appropriate use of probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and overall promotion of the healthy gut are ongoing areas of research for prevention and treatment of malignancies. (C) RSNA, 2021
引用
收藏
页码:1103 / 1122
页数:20
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