In vitro culture may be the major contributing factor for transgenic versus nontransgenic proteomic plant differences

Identification of differences between genetically modified plants and their original counterparts plays a central role in risk assessment strategy. Our main goal was to better understand the relevance of transgene presence, genetic, and epigenetic changes induced by transgene insertion, and in vitro culture in putative unintended differences between a transgenic and its comparator. Thus, we have used multiplex fluorescence 2DE coupled with MS to characterize the proteome of three different rice lines (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica cv. Nipponbare): a control conventional line (C), an Agrobacterium-transformed transgenic line (T-a) and a negative segregant (NSb). We observed that T-a and NSb appeared identical (with only one spot differentially abundant-fold difference >= 1.5), contrasting with the control (49 spots with fold difference >= 1.5, in both T-a and NSb vs. control). Given that in vitro culture was the only event in common between T-a and NSb, we hypothesize that in vitro culture stress was the most relevant condition contributing for the observed proteomic differences. MS protein identification support our hypothesis, indicating that T-a and NSb lines adjusted their metabolic pathways and altered the abundance of several stress related proteins in order to cope with in vitro culture.