Process, disturbances and improvements of wound healing

Skin damage induces the wound healing process which leads to primary or secondary healing in three sequential, partially overlapping phases, due to interaction among different cells and secretion of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. The subtle equilibrium among repair and breakdown can be disturbed by different local and systemic factors causing impairment or even stagnancy of a phase with the effect of chronic wounds or deficient healing. Various surgical and nonsurgical instruments can be used to promote disturbed towards physiologic healing and restore the integrity of the organism's protective layer.