The overarching myth in Louise Gluck's Averno (2006) is that of Persephone and her mother Demeter. Persephone is abruptly seized by the god of death and taken to the underworld as his bride, and later permitted to return to the earth for only part of the year. Averno's framing of the seasons recalls the shape of the academic year, in which autumn marks a new beginning. Autumn is also associated with trauma and injury through allusions to 9/11. Analysing existing versions of the myth and their interpretations, various speakers question the powerlessness of the daughter in the myth of Persephone, disrupting the more harmonious version of that relationship as depicted in the Homeric Hymn to Demeter in a way that resembles Ovid's antagonism to Demeter in the Metamorphoses. Although the vexed relationship of mother and daughter remains central to Gluck's readings of the myth, she also questions who has the power to create and control narratives and how they may be distorted by previous interpretations.
