Novel Green Synthesis, Characterization and In Vitro Antioxidant, Cytotoxicity, and Anti-human Ovarian Cancer Effects of Glycine max Seed Aqueous Extract Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles

The aim was to formulate gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using Glycine max seed aqueous extract and investigate its in vitro antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and anti-human ovarian cancer effects. Gold nanoparticles were synthesized by reacting tetrachloroauric acid (HAuCl4) and Glycine max seed aqueous extract for 12 h. Characterization of gold nanoparticles was by UV-Vis and FT-IR Spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Radical 2,2-di-phenyl-1-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) was used to determine the antioxidant capacity, while butylated hydroxy-toluene was positive controL MTT assay was used on ovarian cancer cell lines (Caov-3, SW-626, PA-1, and SK-OV-3) for cytotoxicity and anti-ovarian cancer investigations of HAuCl4, Glycine max seed extract, and gold nanoparticles. Spectrophotometry (UV/Vis) revealed a peak at wavelength of 524 nm indicating the formation of gold nanoparticles, while FT-IR spectroscopy revealed the presence of functional groups associated with producing the gold by a redox process in gold nanoparticles. The TEM and FE-SEM images showed that gold nanoparticles were spherical with average size of 19.6 nm, and DPPH test revealed similar antioxidant potentials for Glycine max seed extract, gold nanoparticles, and butylated hydroxytoluene. Gold nanoparticles had very low cell viability and dose-dependent anti-ovarian cancer activities against Caov-3, SW-626, PA-1, and SK-OV-3 cell lines without any cytotoxicity on the normal cell line (HUVEC). Optimal result of anti-human ovarian cancer effects was obtained with Caov-3 cell line. Gold nanoparticles containing Glycine max seed aqueous extract may be used for the management of ovarian cancer in humans.