GPS Vertical Total Electron Content (TEC) Dual Frequency Technique and TEC Map at Ionosphere Layer Using Malaysian Data

The parameter of ionosphere that produces most of the effects on radio signals is total electron content (TEC). Ionospheric TEC variation with time can be viewed as a stationary random process under quiet conditions. This paper investigate the TEC covering the period from 8 November 2005 using Malaysia data for KTPK station. During this period with Kp, Dst, and Ap indices values of reported by the World Data Center (WDC). This research using two technique which is TEC dual frequency and TEC Map. For TEC dual frequency, carrier-phase and code-delay GPS observations are combined to obtain ionospheric observables related to the slant TEC (TECs) along the satellite-receiver line of sight (los). Whereas for TEC Map technique, GPS measurements from KTPK stations at Malaysia region were used for producing maps. The Bernese GPS software version 5.0 was used to derive TEC from GPS data. Through BGS's Bernese Processing Engine (BPE)'s PPP mode, GPSEST program is used to model and estimate the ionosphere. The result show that for TEC dual frequency this results in the absolute differential delay and the remaining noise was discarded whereas for TEC Map technique show the TEC measurements with a high temporal and spatial resolutions.