Bilateral Internal Iliac Artery Ligation, a Rational Choice of Surgery in Placenta Previa, a Hospital-Based Retrospective Study on the Prevention of Hysterectomy and Control of Postpartum Hemorrhage

Background Placenta previa is one condition, where the bleeding is from the thinned out lower segment, which faces difficulty in contracting as compared to the upper uterine segment. To combat postpartum hemorrhage and hysterectomy, there were various techniques adopted in obstetric practice. Here the aim is to study the bilateral internal iliac artery ligation (BIL) as a technique to minimize postpartum bleeding and preserve the uterus for future pregnancy. Methods This retrospective study was conducted in 31 patients with abnormal placentation. They underwent BIL during LSCS. The surgery was elective in non-bleeding patients and as an emergency in bleeding patients. The primary outcome is to minimize blood loss and postpartum blood transfusion. The secondary outcome is the prevention of hysterectomies after delivery and preservation of the uterus for the mother to have future pregnancies. Results Out of 31 women, 19 underwent elective surgery (61.3%) and 12 underwent emergency surgery (38.7%). Out of 12 emergency surgeries, 8 needed blood transfusion due to blood loss. Out of 19 elective surgeries, none required the blood transfusion. Blood transfusion was required in 50% of the patient in emergency BIL surgery, whereas none required blood transfusion in elective BIL surgery. Postpartum hysterectomy was avoided in all study participants except one elective surgery patient. Conclusion BIL surgery can be an effective procedure for handling high-risk obstetric hemorrhage in addition to the chances of future fertility through the preservation of uteri.