Recycling of Cement Kiln Dust as a Raw Material for Cement

Cement kiln dust (CKD) is a major by-product of cement manufacturing and has the potential to be recycled as a raw material if the high concentrations of chlorine and potassium are removed. This study tested four leaching solutions (distilled water and three organic acids) and determined the optimum reaction conditions. At a liquid/solid (L/S ratio) of 10, the removal efficiency of formic, citric, and oxalic acid was higher than that of distilled water, but at L/S 20, distilled water also achieved a high removal efficiency of Cl (>= 90%) and K (>= 70%). In addition, to minimize the discharge of wastewater after leaching, the efficiency of ion-exchange resins for the recovery of leaching solution was tested. When the cation- and anion-exchange resins were arranged together, more than 95% of both Cl and K contained in the leaching solution could be removed. Leaching solution without Cl and K was found to have a high leaching efficiency even after being recycled three times, resulting in a significant reduction in wastewater emissions.