Modulation of Migration and Ca2+ Signaling in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells by Recombinant Human CTGF

Purpose: The migration of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells is an initial step in the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). We investigated the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in an in vitro model of wound healing and effects of recombinant human CTGF (rhCTGF) on modulating migration and Ca2+ signaling in RPE cells. Methods: Cultured human RPE monolayers were used to establish a wound healing model. Western blot and in situ hybridization were used to detect the CTGF expression in RPE cells. Migration of RPE cells was measured under the stimulation of rhCTGF alone or in combination with dexamethasone (DEX) or 8-Br-cAMP. To determine the concentration of cytoplasmic-free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) responding to CTGF, the fluo-3/AM-loaded RPE cells were observed with a laser scanning confocal microscope. Results: The CTGF expression first increased after being wounded in RPE cells, then reached a peak and maintained at a high level. The positive expression was mainly at the edge of scrape and in motile RPE cells. rhCTGF-stimulated RPE cells migrated in a dose-dependent manner, and both DEX and 8-Br-cAMP could significantly inhibit the CTGF-induced migrations. CTGF induced a (Ca2+)i elevation in RPE cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, stimulation of RPE cells with CTGF and DEX or 8-Br-cAMP counteracted the elevation of (Ca2+)i induced by CTGF. Conclusions: The CTGF expression could be induced by an in vitro model of scrape wounding. rhCTGF stimulated the migration and Ca2+ signal pathway in RPE cells in a dose-dependent manner, and DEX and 8-Br-cAMP suppressed this effect. Our results indicate that CTGF is involved in the wound-healing process and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of intraocular proliferative diseases.