Evaluation on the Influence of the Water and Sand of the Yellow River to the Ecological System of Xiaokai River Irrigation Area

The areas diverting water from the Yellow River for irrigation changes the uneven distribution of water resources in space and time. However, when diverting water resources, a large amount of sediment is brought in. From the viewpoint of effective use of water resources, reasonable distribution and optimal allocation of sediment, this paper explores the obvious effects of various water - saving measures taken by the water conservancy projects in the irrigation areas and their impact on environment. The utilization coefficient of irrigation water is as high as 0.55, the vegetation coverage rate in the irrigation area is obviously improved, the quality of earth is also enhanced significantly, the proportion of saline soil reduced greatly and the bio - diversity is increased continuously and steadily. In the aspect of the treatment of sediment, the "great slope and long - distance sand transport" technology is adopted so as to recycle waste material. In the upper stream, muddy water is used for irrigation so that sediment can be gathered in land. In the middle stream, sediment is collected for reforming land and recreating fertile farmland, and sediment is also used to produce construction materials. In the downstream, eco - irrigation area free from the harm of sand is realized. This method is of guiding significance for the sustainable development of the area diverting the water of the Yellow River for irrigation.