IVF-conceived children outcome from birth to 3 years at a single IVF center in Indonesia: frozen versus fresh embryo transfer

Background: Frozen embryo transfer procedure is becoming more common in assisted reproduction technology. The effect of this technology is still not yet well studied in developing countries with limited resources, including Indonesia. This study explores the clinical outcomes between frozen and fresh embryo transfer-conceived children aged 0-3 years in Indonesia. Results: The participants were divided into frozen embryo (n = 30) and fresh embryo (n = 30) transfer groups. There were no differences in growth and development. However, in vitro fertilization (IVF) children with frozen embryo transfer had a lower risk of developing low birth weight compared to the fresh embryo group with an OR of 0.17 (95% CI: 0.03-0.85). All children, both in the fresh and frozen embryos, have normal development. Conclusions: Frozen versus fresh embryo transfer does not affect child growth and development.