Species of the Heterodera avenae group (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) from Iran

Five species of cyst-forming nematodes belonging to the Heterodera avenae group were identified from cereal fields and grasslands in Iran. Morphological and morphometric characters of H. avenae, H. filipjevi and a still unidentified species from the H. avenae complex and of H. latipons and H. hordecalis from the H. latipons complex are presented and their relationship with similar species is discussed. Heterodera filipjevi and H. latipons are the dominant species in cereal fields; H. avenae was found in wheat fields in only one region in the west of the country. Heterodera hordecalis was recovered from a few wheat fields and around grasses in western Iran, and Heterodera sp. from grasslands at several sites in northern and western regions of the country.