Ruminal fermentation and amino acid flow in Holstein steers fed whole cottonseed with elevated concentrations of free fatty acids in the oil

The influence of feeding whole cottonseed (WCS) containing elevated concentrations of free fatty acids (FFA) in the oil on ruminal fermentation and amino acid ( AA) flow to the abomasum was evaluated in a 4 x 4 Latin square trial. Four ruminally and abomasally cannulated Holstein steers were fed diets containing 12.5% of dry matter as WCS with concentrations of 8.0, 11.3, 14.7, or 18.0% FFA in the oil. Intake, ruminal digestibility, and flow to the abomasum of dry matter, organic matter, and acid detergent fiber were not affected by FFA level of WCS. Intake of neutral detergent fiber and total kilograms of neutral detergent fiber digested in the rumen were similar for all treatments. Ruminal neutral detergent fiber digestibility was lower for 8 and 14.7% FFA, resulting in a cubic effect on flow to the abomasum. Ruminal pH, molar proportions of isobutyrate, and total branched-chain volatile fatty acids (VFA) decreased linearly, whereas molar proportions of acetate and acetate: propionate ratio increased linearly as FFA in WCS increased. Total VFA were lower, and molar proportions of propionate were higher, for 8 and 14.7% FFA, resulting in a cubic effect. Intake of N, total N flow, and nonmicrobial N flow to the abomasum were similar among treatments. Flow of microbial N was lower for the 11.3% FFA treatment, resulting in a quadratic response. Only nonsignificant differences were observed in AA flow to the abomasum. Results of this trial indicate that WCS with FFA up to 18% may result in small changes in rumen fermentation.