Design and Fabrication of a Patch Antenna for Underwater Communications

Underwater communication is a mode of transmitting or receiving the signals below water. Many applications such as shipments, autonomous vehicle, climate recording etc. use the antennas for transmitting and receiving the signals below water. The antenna design for underwater sensor networks is an emerging field for the researchers, as many of the antenna design have proposed in order to get the better radiation patterns and return loss during the data transmission but the researches are done mostly with narrow band and low frequencies which results in low data rate during transmission of the data. Here in this research paper a novel patch antenna design is proposed with circular insulation provided for its circuitry called as a circular quad band bowtie antenna works with high frequencies and also capable of radiate multiple frequencies from its four tapers. The lack of work in this field is a driving force for the development of an underwater UWB antenna. UWB antennas come in a variety of shapes and sizes, although the majority of them are designed for air communications. To acquire a result, UWB technology is required a high level of resolution for device placement in order to enhance the underwater communication applications. The radiation patterns of the proposed design are omnidirectional and it results the return loss of less than - 25 dB and due to the robust design of the proposed antenna, it can transmit the multiple frequencies via different tapers. The parameters of the proposed antenna are taken for considerations after testing at different frequencies. The future scope of circular quad band bow tie antenna is to use of it in other MIMO applications used in fifth generation of mobile communications.