A Review of Flywheel Energy Storage Systems for Grid Application

Increasing levels of renewable energy generation are creating a need for highly flexible power grid resources. Recently, FERC issued order number 841 in an effort to create new US market opportunities for highly flexible grid storage systems. While there are numerous storage technologies available, flywheel energy storage is a particularly promising option for the grid due to its inherent fast response time, high cycle lifetime, and lack of environmentally hazardous materials. This paper reviews literature on flywheel storage technology and explores the feasibility of grid-based flywheel systems. Technology data is collected and presented, including a review of current flywheel installations on the grid, technology challenges, research trends, and technology feasibility studies. Flywheel technology is shown to be a promising candidate for providing frequency regulation and facilitating the integration of renewable energy generation.