Bio-Inspired Approach for Energy Aware Cluster Head Selection in Wireless Sensor Networks

Since 2000, the usage of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in the military and civilian applications is increased rapidly. WSNs consist of low cost hardware which acts as multi-functional sensor nodes and are linked to the base station to efficiently aggregate and transmit the data. However, the limitation of sensor nodes is limited battery power. Efficient cluster head (CH) selection manages the WSNs in reducing the overall energy consumption. The cluster head combinations the data from the neighbouring nodes and transmits to the base station. The selection of cluster head in WSN is a Non-deterministic Polynomial-hard problem. In this paper, a bio inspired approach called firefly algorithm is used for selection of CH in WSNs. The synchronous firefly algorithm selects the optimal CH node among all nodes participated in the network, which also increases the performance of the network. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has effective CH selection procedure when compared to the other existing algorithms. The proposed algorithm reduced the packet loss ratio by 8.32% and it improved the reduction of energy consumption of overall network.