Clinical and Microbiological Findings of Vulvovaginitis in Prepubertal Girls

Study Objective: To evaluate genital microbiological findings in prepubertal girls with vulvovaginitis and in healthy controls. Design: Prospective case-control study. Setting: Pediatric Outpatient unit of the Department of Pediatrics of the Hospital of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kauno Klinikos from November 2014 to May 2017. Participants: Fifty-two prepubertal girls aged 1-9 years diagnosed with vulvovaginitis, and 42 age-matched healthy controls. Interventions and Main Outcome Measures: Samples for microbiological culture were collected using sterile cotton swabs from the introitus and the lower third of the vagina from all study participants. Microbiological findings were analyzed according to bacteria type and intensity of growth. Results: Most of the vaginal microbiological swab results were positive for bacterial growth: 47 (90.4%) and 34 (80.9%) were similar in the study and control groups, respectively (P = .24). Sixteen (30.8%) and 9 (21.4%) of the microbiological traits results in the case and control groups, respectively, were regarded as potential causative agents (P = .27). Streptococcus pyogenes was the most frequent pathogen in the study group (P = .03); all other microorganisms detected as either a pure or dominant growth in the control group, were considered opportunistic. Conclusions: Vaginal bacterial culture results were positive in prepubertal girls with vulvovaginitis and in healthy controls. Nonspecific vulvovaginitis without a dominant/isolated pathogen was seen to be more common than vulvovaginitis with a potential causative agent. Clinical symptoms were more frequent among girls when the potential infectious agent was identified.