Feasibility of a ballet-inspired low-impact at-home workout programme for adults with stroke: a mixed-methods exploratory study protocol

Introduction Balancing problems are prominent in stroke survivors with unilateral paresis. Recent evidence supports that dance interventions are associated with significant improvements in gait, stability and walking endurance in people with neurological conditions. The aim of this study is to explore the feasibility of a novel ballet-inspired at-home workout programme (Footprints to Better Balance (FBB)) for stroke survivors. Methods and analysis A mixed-methods exploratory study incorporating a randomised controlled trial and qualitative evaluation will be conducted. We will recruit 40 adults with a first-ever ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke and mild-moderate lower limb paresis from two acute stroke units. The intervention group will receive usual care plus FBB, an 8-week home-based programme with ballet-inspired workouts underpinned by Bandura's principles of self-efficacy and outcome expectation. FBB will be delivered by trained lay and peer volunteers, with the support of volunteer healthcare professionals. Multiple data will be collected: Recruitment rate, adherence to FBB, semi-structured interviews and questionnaires on outcomes (balance, gait and memory) assessed at baseline and immediately post-intervention. The generalised estimating equations model will be used to compare differential changes on outcomes across time points between the two arms. Qualitative data will be coded and grouped to form themes and subthemes. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval from the Joint Chinese University of Hong Kong-New Territories East Cluster Clinical Research Ethics Committee has been obtained. All eligible participants will provide written informed consent. Study results will be disseminated via publications in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at international conferences.