Determination of sulfur balance between the atmosphere and a Norway spruce forest ecosystem:: Comparison of gradient dry plus wet and throughfall deposition measurements

Total sulfur deposition was determined above a Norway spruce forest, in Hungary. Two methods were applied, on one hand dry+wet deposition measurements and on the other, throughfall and stemflow deposition estimations have been carried out. Results show: total depositions are 3.3 and 3.2g S m(-2) yr(-1) determined by dry+wet and throughfall deposition methods, respectively. The share of the dry deposition in the total S-load is 73%. The agreement between the results of the two different methods is good and suggests the needlessness of complicated dry+wet flux measurements, i.e. the total and dry deposition of sulfur compounds to forests can be determined by simple throughfall and wet deposition measurements.