Advection-dominated accretion flows in the Kerr metric. I. Basic equations

We write and solve equations describing steady state, optically thin, advection-dominated accretion onto a Kerr black hole. The mean flow, described by the relativistic fluid equations, is axisymmetric and vertically averaged. The effect of turbulence in the flow is represented by a viscous shear stress. Our treatment differs in several important ways from earlier work: we use a causal prescription for the shear stress; we do not assume that the relativistic enthalpy is unity (this is important for rapidly rotating holes); and we use a relativistic equation of state. We present several representative solutions and use them to evaluate the importance of relativistic effects, to check our approximations, and to evaluate the robustness of the input physics. Detailed properties of the solutions are described in an accompanying paper.