Fluctuation theorems:: Work is not an observable

被引:580
|
作者
Talkner, Peter [1 ]
Lutz, Eric [1 ]
Haenggi, Peter [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Augsburg, Inst Phys, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany
来源
PHYSICAL REVIEW E | 2007年 / 75卷 / 05期
关键词
D O I
10.1103/PhysRevE.75.050102
中图分类号
O35 [流体力学]; O53 [等离子体物理学];
学科分类号
070204 ; 080103 ; 080704 ;
摘要
The characteristic function of the work performed by an external time-dependent force on a Hamiltonian quantum system is identified with the time-ordered correlation function of the exponentiated system's Hamiltonian. A similar expression is obtained for the averaged exponential work which is related to the free energy difference of equilibrium systems by the Jarzynski work theorem.
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页数:2
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