Indicators for maturity and readiness for digital forensic investigation in era of industrial revolution 4.0

The introduction of Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0) brings benefits to the industries and our daily life. Innovation such as the Internet of Things, cloud computing, and blockchain is not only confined to the manufacturing industry but covers the whole of human life. Notwithstanding the said innovation, it also gives rise to cybercrimes with these technologies' assistance. The botnet called Mirai is one example of compromising the technology in IR 4.0 to launch large-scale cyberattacks through Internet access. It is therefore crucial for the digital forensic (DF) organization to be ready to handle this kind of incident. This paper aims to provide the indicators for DF organizations' maturity and readiness in the era of IR 4.0. To establish the indicators, a systematic literature review (SLR) is conducted. It involves four phases in the SLR, where the focus is; (1) challenges of DF in IR 4.0, (2) chain of custody and DF readiness, (3) existing maturity model, and (4) benchmarking the maturity element, respectively. It covers the research studies taken from five databases. From the comparison analysis, this study has derived five indicators for the maturity and readiness of DF organization: (1) People and capacity development, (2) Organization, policy and cooperation, (3) Process, (4) Technology and technical, (5) Legislation and regulation. Finally the work outlines the DF practices based on the CMMI ver. 2 practice areas and potential governance and management objectives that can govern the DF organization. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.