Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in blunt-snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) at two water temperatures with single-dose oral administration

The pharmacokinetics and residue elimination of florfenicol (FFC) and its metabolite florfenicol amine (FFA) were studied in healthy blunt-snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala, 50 +/- 10 g). The study was conducted with a single-dose (25 mg/kg) oral administration at a water temperature of 18 or 28 degrees C, while in the residue elimination study, fish were administered at 25 mg/kg daily for three consecutive days by oral gavage to determine the withdrawal period (WDT) at 28 degrees C. The FFC and FFA levels in plasma and tissues (liver, kidneys and muscle) were analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A no-compartment model was used to analyse the concentration versus time data of M. amblycephala. In the two groups at 18 and 28 degrees C, the maximum plasma concentration (C-max) of FFC was 5.89 and 6.21 mu g/ml, while the time to reach C-max (T-max) was 5.97 and 2.84 hr, respectively. These suggested that higher temperature absorbed more drug and more quickly at M. amblycephala. And the elimination half-life (T-1/2(k beta)) of FFC was calculated as 26.75 and 16.14 hr, while the total body clearance (CL) was 0.09 and 0.15 L kg(-1) hr(-1), and the areas under the concentration-time curves (AUCs) were 265.87 and 163.31 mu g hr/ml, respectively. The difference demonstrated that the elimination rate of FFC in M. amblycephala at 28 degrees C was more quickly than that at 18 degrees C. The results of FFA showed the same trend in tissues of M. amblycephala. After multiple oral doses (25 mg/kg daily for 3 days), the k (eliminate rate constant) of FFA in M. amblycephala muscle was 0.017, the C-0 (initial concentration) was 3.07 mg/kg, and the WDT was 10 days (water temperature 28 degrees C).