Abelian and non-Abelian Berry curvatures in lattice QCD

We studied the Berry curvature of the massive Dirac fermion in 3 + 1 dimensions. For the non-interacting Dirac fermion, the Berry curvature is non-Abelian because of the degeneracy of positive and negative helicity modes. We calculated the non-Abelian Berry curvature analytically and numerically. For the interacting Dirac fermion in QCD, the degeneracy is lost because gluons carry helicity and color charge. We calculated the Abelian Berry curvature in lattice QCD. (c) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.