Self-reported prevalence of dependence of MDMA compared to cocaine, mephedrone and ketamine among a sample of recreational poly-drug users

被引:41
|
作者
Uosukainen, Hanna [1 ]
Tacke, Ulrich [2 ,3 ]
Winstock, Adam R. [4 ,5 ]
机构
[1] Univ Eastern Finland, Sch Pharm, Fac Hlth Sci, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
[2] Univ Eastern Finland, Sch Med, Fac Hlth Sci, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
[3] Kuopio Univ Hosp, Addict Psychiat Unit, SF-70210 Kuopio, Finland
[4] South London & Maudsley NHS Trust Kings Coll Lond, London, England
[5] Global Drug Survey, London, England
关键词
MDMA; Cocaine; Mephedrone; Ketamine; Substance-related disorders; ECSTASY USERS; YOUNG-ADULTS; PATTERNS; ABUSE; ADOLESCENTS; ADDICTION; 4-METHYLMETHCATHINONE; RELIABILITY; TOXICITY; CRITERIA;
D O I
10.1016/j.drugpo.2014.07.004
中图分类号
R194 [卫生标准、卫生检查、医药管理];
学科分类号
摘要
Background: Evidence regarding MDMA (ecstasy) dependence and the most suitable criteria for its assessment are controversial. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of last year symptoms of dependence upon MDMA compared to cocaine, mephedrone and ketamine among a large global non-treatment seeking sample. Methods: A cross-sectional anonymous online survey was promoted by a UK-based dance music website between 15 November 2010 and 1 January 2011. Endorsement of DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) dependence criteria was sought from all last year users of MDMA, cocaine, mephedrone and ketamine. Reporting >= 3 dependence symptoms was indicative of dependence. Logistic regression models with Generalized Estimating Equations were used to compare dependence symptoms between groups. Results: MDMA users were more likely to report >= 3 DSM-IV dependence symptoms compared to users of cocaine (odds ratio OR 0.81, 95% confidence interval Cl 0.71-0.93), mephedrone (OR 0.91, 95%Cl 0.78-1.06) and ketamine (OR 0.52, 95%CI 0.44-0.62) (p <0.001). MDMA users were less likely to report desire to use less or get help compared to users of other substances (p <0.001). MDMA got the highest rating of pleasurable high (mean 8.2 +/- 1.7) and lowest rating for risk of harm (mean 2.7 +/- 2.4). Conclusions: Our results highlight the self-reported dependence potential of MDMA but low desire to use less or get help. MDMA's pleasurable effects may compensate for drug-related problems and, therefore, DSM-IV criteria may not be suitable for assessing MDMA dependence. Further research is needed on the ability of DSM-V to assess MDMA dependence. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:78 / 83
页数:6
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