Agronomic practices for chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production on the Canadian prairies are not well established. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of fallow on chickpea yield and response to rhizobia inoculation and fertilization. Field trials were conducted at nine fallow sites and nine stubble sites in southern Alberta over a 4-yr period (2000-2003). In the N experiment, N fertilizer was applied to rhizobia-inoculated and uninoculated desi (cv. Myles) and kabuli (cv. Sanford) chickpea at five N rates (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 kg N ha 1). In the P experiment, P fertilizer was applied to desi chickpea at 0, 6.5 and 13 kg P ha(-1). Growing season precipitation was well below normal during 3 of the 4 yr of this study, and fallow yields were more than double stubble yields. Desi seed yield increased 15.8 kg ha-1 for each millimetre increase in water use above a minimum requirement of 84 rum. Although nodulation of uninoculated chickpea was absent or very low at all sites, the benefits of inoculation were modest. On average, inoculation increased seed yield by 12%, seed protein concentration by 11%, and seed N yield by 24%. Inoculation responses were similar for fallow and stubble sites. Yield gains due to application of N fertilizer were also small at most sites, with no difference in yield gain between fallow and stubble sites. Yield benefits due to inoculation and N fertilization were often small because either moisture availability was low or soil N availability was high. Desi was more responsive to N fertilization than kabuli. Phosphorus fertilizer had a minimal impact on desi chickpea yield. Fallow had a large impact on chickpea yields, but did not affect rhizobia or fertilizer response.
