Health-care Professionals' Knowledge and Perception of Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting and Pharmacovigilance in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of Nepal

Background: Underreporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is common globally, and Nepal is not an exception to this. Health-care professionals (HCPs) play a vital role in reporting ADR during routine practice. Lack of knowledge and awareness about pharmacovigilance and reporting ADRs among HCPs may contribute to underreporting. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and perception of HCPs regarding ADR reporting and pharmacovigilance in a tertiary care teaching hospital in, Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. A questionnaire was distributed to 215 HCPs (medical doctors, nurses, and pharmacists) between March and September 2018. Knowledge and perception regarding ADR reporting and pharmacovigilance were studied. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, New York). Results: The HCPs included 75 medical doctors, 126 nurses, and 14 pharmacists. Majority of the participants were female (67%), and the majority of participants were not aware of pharmacovigilance. Among the participants, pharmacists were found to have better knowledge regarding pharmacovigilance. However, other HCPs (doctors and nurses) strongly agreed about the necessity of having adequate knowledge about pharmacovigilance. Out of 215, 57.7% agreed that the important benefit of reporting ADR was to identify safe drugs and improve patient safety. The main reasons for not reporting were - ADR reporting was not widely promoted by relevant authorities (47%), followed by not knowing where and how to report ADR (34.9%). However, other HCPs (doctors and nurses) strongly agreed about the necessity of having adequate knowledge about pharmacovigilance. Conclusions: The knowledge of HCPs on ADR reporting and pharmacovigilance was poor. Despite a low knowledge of ADR reporting and pharmacovigilance among HCPs, there was a positive perception that ADR reporting is necessary and ADR monitoring system should be established in the hospital. This study also highlights a need for future intervention studies focusing on educating HCPs about ADR and pharmacovigilance.