Neuroinflammation is a putative target for the prevention and treatment of perioperative neurocognitive disorders

Introduction: The demographics of aging of the surgical population has increased the risk for perioperative neurocognitive disorders in which trauma-induced neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role. Sources of data: After determining the scope of the review, the authors used PubMed with select phrases encompassing the words in the scope. Both preclinical and clinical reports were considered. Areas of agreement: Neuroinflammation is a sine qua non for development of perioperative neurocognitive disorders. Areas of controversy: What is the best method for ameliorating traumainduced neuroinflammation while preserving inflammation-based wound healing. Growing points: This review considers how to prepare for and manage the vulnerable elderly surgical patient through the entire spectrum, from pre-operative assessment to postoperative period. Areas timely for developing research: What are the most effective and safest interventions for preventing and/or reversing Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders.