High School English Language Arts Teachers' Argumentative Epistemologies for Teaching Writing

Although current research and professional development on teaching of argumentative writing focus on "best practices," we offer the construct of argumentative epistemologies to consider how English language arts teachers approach teaching and how they understand their students' capacity for and interest in argumentation. Drawing on historical emphases in writing theory, we describe and illustrate three argumentative epistemologies: structural, ideational, and social practice. In an observational study of 31 high school English language arts classrooms, teachers' enacted writing instruction foregrounded either formal elements of students' arguments, the ideas and content of students' arguments, or consideration of the complexity and variability of social contexts within which students wrote arguments. Case study analysis of three teachers illustrates the three argumentative epistemologies, how these epistemologies were socially constructed during instructional conversations, and how they were made visible through language use in and about classroom literacy events. These argumentative epistemologies have significance for teacher education, school writing research, and professional development, furthering our understanding of how and why teachers choose to adopt particular approaches to argumentative writing.