Female Athlete Triad

Purpose of ReviewThe Female Athlete Triad (Triad) is a disorder observed in women and girls composed of three related components: low energy availability (EA), menstrual dysfunction, and low bone mineral density (BMD). The purpose of this review is to define the components of the Triad, review risk factors and complications, and review the diagnosis and management of the effects of the Triad.Recent FindingsRecent research has defined guidelines for return to play for athlete with the Triad, which are summarized here. In addition, there has been recent vigorous debate and research in an attempt to define a related disorder in men.SummaryThe Female Athlete Triad is a complex disorder involving many physiological systems and is intertwined with mental health. Early intervention by an experienced team of healthcare providers allows for optimal treatment of the patient.