Unraveling the force dynamics in conceptual metaphors of COVID-19: a multilevel analysis

So far, cognitive linguistics studies on COVID-19 have focused mainly on conceptual metaphors, paying scant attention to other construal operations such as force dynamics (FD). Adopting Kovecses's (2020, Rivista Italiana di Filosofia del Linguaggio) hybrid account of conceptual metaphor and ED, this study attempts to outline an enriched cognitive view of the figurative conceptualization of illness. It also aims to answer the question: Can FD and conceptual metaphors be merged in illness metaphors, particularly corona-related ones? Research in cognitive linguistics has focused on certain source domains, such as WAR, FIRE, NATURAL FORCE, and WILD ANIMAL, through which COVID-19 is conceptualized metaphorically. Since these metaphors feature the exchange of forces and actions, a more detailed account of these two construals could be fruitful, especially the potential FORCE SCHEMA which underlies the detected source domains. Using an amalgamated model of conceptual metaphor theory and FD, significant associations were identified between two force-exerting elements, namely Agonist and Antagonist. These findings raise important theoretical issues that have a bearing on clarifying the correlation between illness metaphors and Talmy's force-dynamic theory to cast some light on the complex metaphorical expressions embracing the subject under scrutiny.