Effect of exercise training on physical activity and substrate utilization in the elderly

This study examined the effect of training on physical activity and substrate utilization in the elderly. Before the start, in week 6 and week 12 (T0, T6 and T12) data on physical fitness, physical activity and substrate utilization were collected in the exercise (11 males, 11 females; 63 +/- 8 yrs) and control group (6 males, 5 females; 59 +/- 4yrs). Physical activity was registered with a tri-axial accelerometer and substrate utilization was calculated from resting respiratory exchange ratio (RER) by indirect calorimetry. At T6 physical activity on training days was significantly higher than on non-training days (33.4 +/- 10.3 vs. 26.5 +/- 7.8 counts min(-1); p < 0.001). At T12, after adjusting for training activity, physical activity on training days was significantly lower than on non-training days (23.7 +/- 8.4 vs. 28.2 +/- 9.3 counts min(-1); p < 0.01). RER decreased significantly (0.02 +/- 0.03; p < 0.05), indicating a relatively larger fat oxidation. Changes in RER were negatively correlated with pre-training RER. In conclusion, in elderly an increase in structured training (exercise) is compensated for by a corresponding decrease in non-training physical activity. Training increased relative fat utilization in elderly with a high pre-training RER, whereas elderly with a low pre-training RER decreased their relative fat utilization.