Multiple-input single-output universal biquad filter using single output operational transconductance amplifiers

A novel universal biquad filter topology, realized using Operational Transconductance Amplifiers as active elements, is presented in this paper. It offers the benefits of orthogonal adjustment of the resonance frequency and the quality factor of the filter and, also, resistorless realization with grounded capacitors. The attractive characteristic is the requirement of single output Operational Transconductance Amplifies because in this way the implementation of the filter using commercially available discrete component ICs as OTAs is quite facilitated. Comparison with the literature shows that the proposed solution is the most beneficial from the active component count point of view. The behavior of the proposed topology is evaluated trough simulation results, using the OrCAD PSpice simulator, as well as through experimental results using the LM 13700 discrete component IC as Operational Transconductance Amplifier.