Characterization of chicken manure biochar relevant to its potential use in remediation of Cd contaminated water

Biochars derived from chicken manure were prepared by anaerobic pyrolysis at 200 degrees C, 400 degrees C 600 degrees C, and 800 degrees C (referred as CBC200, CBC400, CBC600 and CBC800, respectively). The results indicated chicken manure biochars (CBC) prepared at higher temperatures exhibited higher aromaticity. The kinetics and isothermal equilibria of Cd(II) adsorption onto CBC were well fitted using the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model. The adsorption process was able to achieve equilibrium at 720 min and the maximum Cd(II) adsorption capacities of CBC produced at 200 degrees C-800 degrees C were 45.50-52.02 mg g(-1). The spectroscopic surface chemistry analyses using scanning electron microscopy with transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and Raman spectra indicated that the adsorption mechanism consisted of pore filling, complexation, precipitation and C-pi interaction. Therefore, CBC could employ as an effective agent for the remediation of Cd contaminated water.