An evaluation of the reporting quality in clinical practice guidelines for hepatocellular carcinoma using the RIGHT checklist

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) on the prevention, surveillance, diagnosis and management of HCC are essential to guide clinical practice. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reporting quality of the most recent CPGs for HCC published worldwide. Methods: We systematically searched literature databases and websites of guideline development organizations and medical associations to extract CPGs on HCC published between January 2018 and December 2020. We evaluated the reporting quality using the Reporting Items for practice Guidelines in Healthcare (RIGHT) statement. We assessed for each of the 35 RIGHT checklist items whether the guidelines reported the corresponding information. We calculated the mean (+/- standard error of the mean, SEM) percentages of the guidelines' compliance with the items (reporting rate), both overall and for each of the seven domains of the RIGHT checklist. Results: We identified 22 guidelines, of which three (14%) were written in Chinese and 19 (86%) in English. The mean +/- SEM overall reporting rate in the twenty-two guidelines was 56%+/- 4%. The reporting rates of the seven domains were the following: basic information 81%+/- 3%, background 58%+/- 6%, evidence 58%+/- 6%, recommendations 59%+/- 5%, review and quality assurance 34%+/- 10%, funding and declaration and management of interests 39%+/- 4%, and other information 23%+/- 6%. Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) on the prevention, surveillance, diagnosis and management of HCC are essential to guide clinical practice. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reporting quality of the most recent CPGs for HCC published worldwide. Methods: We systematically searched literature databases and websites of guideline development organizations and medical associations to extract CPGs on HCC published between January 2018 and December 2020. We evaluated the reporting quality using the Reporting Items for practice Guidelines in Healthcare (RIGHT) statement. We assessed for each of the 35 RIGHT checklist items whether the guidelines reported the corresponding information. We calculated the mean (+/- standard error of the mean, SEM) percentages of the guidelines' compliance with the items (reporting rate), both overall and for each of the seven domains of the RIGHT checklist. Results: We identified 22 guidelines, of which three (14%) were written in Chinese and 19 (86%) in English. The mean +/- SEM overall reporting rate in the twenty-two guidelines was 56%+/- 4%. The reporting rates of the seven domains were the following: basic information 81%+/- 3%, background 58%+/- 6%, evidence 58%+/- 6%, recommendations 59%+/- 5%, review and quality assurance 34%+/- 10%, funding and declaration and management of interests 39%+/- 4%, and other information 23%+/- 6%. Conclusions: The reporting quality of the recently published guidelines for HCC was suboptimal. While there is no doubt about the great value of the CPGs' recommendations in clinical practice, the reporting in CPGs for HCC still needs improvement.