The role of stakeholders in the effective use of e-government resources in public services

With the global evolution of information and communication technology (ICT), organisations need to keep upto-date with the trends. Whilst most countries are able to respond to these technological changes by drawing on the resources available to them, organisations tend to find it more difficult to keep up. This paper thus attempts to analyse critically the influencing factors regarding e-government implementation and the roles of the key stakeholders in driving successful implementation within public sector organisations in developing countries. Based on the extant literature review and empirical studies, the researchers have developed a conceptual framework stemming from a unification of the concepts, factors, theories and models for e-government implementation. Qualitative analysis was adopted using a multiple case study strategy, and focusing on the three-tiers of government - Federal, Government Agency and Local levels. This conceptual framework has re-affirmed the external and internal influencing factors and the key stakeholder' and their roles. The e-government stakeholders include the government (ministry/agency), technologically-advanced country, companies and users (employers/citizens). Authors further discussed that the stakeholders' roles and tasks vary from 'pre-implementation' (initiation) to 'during implementation' (planning and implementation), and 'post-implementation' (monitoring and evaluation) phases. From the analysis and findings, authors have recommended that public organisations would need to strategise their relationships with stakeholders in order to achieve a collective interest for successful e-government implementation. This study contributes to the body of knowledge in information systems by broadening the theoretical foundations of e-government field especially within the stakeholders' perspective.