Study on Evacuation Safety Rate of Emergency Exits in Railway Tunnel Fire Mode

Emergency exit is the most common form of engineering structure in railway tunnel disaster prevention and rescue facilities. In order to clarify the safety guarantee rate of personnel evacuation through emergency exit after fire in railway tunnel, with the help of fire dynamics simulation (FDS) and building-EXODUS, this paper has established the fire combustion model and personnel evacuation model of the 25-type passenger trains in the 3D tunnel. Simultaneously, combined with the personnel safety evacuation criteria, the safety probability of evacuation of personnel in different scenarios at the emergency exit of the railway tunnel fire mode is obtained. The conclusion shows that the larger the width of the running surface, the smaller the total number of evacuation, the higher the evacuation safety rate. The evacuation person number is 2145 (the hard seat is overloaded 60%), and the width of the running surface is increased from 1.5m (standardized value) to 3.5m, the evacuation safety rate increased from 86.4% to 87.7%. The width of the running surface was 1.5m, and the number of evacuation person was 1531 (not overloaded), the evacuation safety rate reached 100%. Therefore, for the 25-type passenger train, if the personnel are not overloaded, they can choose to evacuate the fire at the emergency exit.