Green biomaterial hydroxyapatite derived from waste marble powder for applications in water defluoridation: Comparative study on materials synthesized by different processing routes

This study presents different grades of hydroxyapatite (Hap) named as MA-Hap CM, MA-Hap USM and MA-Hap LR derived from marble powder a waste by-product of marble processing industry that serve as a good adsorbent for water defluoridation. These products have been compared with pure Hap for their method of synthesis, product characteristics (morphology, crystalline structure, size, shape, surface area), fluoride removal capacity and synthesis cost. Advanced process intensified technique such as ultrasonication had been incorporated into gel precipitation conventional technique in order to produce high quality pure nano Hap, with higher yield, lesser synthesis time and of higher fluoride adsorption capacity. Energy efficiency and synthesis cost comparison studies proved MA-Hap a potential adsorbent for drinking water application. Copyright (C) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.