Morphophysiological Responses of Two Cool-Season Turfgrasses with Different Shade Tolerances

Understanding the differences in cool-season turfgrass responses to shade is critical for future turfgrass management and breeding for improved shade tolerance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shade-tolerance mechanisms of two cool-season turfgrass species in terms of turf performance, growth, and physiological characteristics. Two turfgrass species, namely, 'Suprallova' (Poa. supina Schrad.) and 'Lark' (Lolium perenne L.), were subjected to 0 (CK, unshaded), 35% (LS), 70% (MS), and 92% (HS) shade, respectively. Compared with 'Lark', 'Suprallova' showed better turf quality (TQ) and turf color intensity (TCI) under shade. The total length and surface area of the roots of 'Lark' gradually decreased as the shade increased, while those of 'Suprallova' increased and then decreased with increasing shade. The chlorophyll fluorescence photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), electron transport rate (ETR), and maximum quantum yield of primary photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry (Fv/Fm) decreased significantly under HS; however, these decreases were more significant in 'Lark' than in 'Suprallova'. The leaf reflectance of the two turfgrasses under shade was lower than that under CK, but the leaf reflectance of 'Lark' was higher than that of 'Suprallova' in the visible light band. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of the two grasses first decreased and then increased. The NDVI of 'Lark' under shade was slightly higher than that under CK. 'Suprallova' showed strong tolerance on the basis of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O-2 center dot(-)), and ascorbic acid (AsA) contents and superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) activity. The MDA, H2O2, O-2 center dot(-) and AsA contents and SOD, POD, and CAT activity (which represent indicators) changed the most under MS. Taken together, the results indicated that the adaptability of 'Suprallova' to shade was better than that of 'Lark'.