Eco-Friendly Dyeing of Wool Fabrics with Natural Dye Extracted from Citrus Sinensis L Peels

Biomass has emerged as a sustainable and renewable resource for dyestuff production. There is an increasing interest like as in a natural chemical agent, especially in dyeing pigments. This study concerns the purification of natural dyestuff extracted from an abundant plant Citrus Sinensis L. Applications of this dye on wool fibers were investigated. Therefore, the mordanting methods and mordant agents were carried out. The dyeing behavior was assessed; the color changes were measured using Spectra Flash-Data Color, SF-600 in terms of CIE L*(10) a*(10) b*(10) and the color strength (K/S). Hence, the color fastness properties were studied. Results obtained show that the optimum extraction conditions were the temperature of 90 degrees C, the extraction time of 90 min and the pH value equal to 5. The dyeing of wool fibers has been optimized and the optimal conditions are; the temperature of 90 degrees C, the dyeing time of 90 min, and pH value equal to 3. The study of mordant type and mordanting methods indicates that the concentration of 5 % (w/w) is sufficient, the iron sulfate is the most adequate mordant which provides the deeper color. The post-mordanting method produces slightly deeper color than the pre-mordanting and simultaneous processes. Then, direct dyeing offers encouraging results. Therefore, dyeing of wool fabric with this natural dye produces excellent color fastness properties. Finally, the Citrus sinensis L peels was very abundant and available substance which may be great potential to be used as a natural colorant.