Tumor metastasis-associated human MTA1 gene:: Its deduced protein sequence, localization, and association with breast cancer cell proliferation using antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides

Using differential cDNA library screening techniques based on metastatic and nonmetastatic rat mammary adenocarcinoma cell lines we previously cloned and sequenced the metastasis-associated gene mta1. Using homology the rat mta1 gene we cloned the human MTA1 gene and found it to be overexpressed in a variety of human cell lines. found a close similarity between the human MTA1 and rat mta1 genes, as shown by 88% and 96% identities of nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences, respectively. Both genes encode novel proteins that contain a region (SH3 binding motif), a putative zinc finger motif, a leucine zipper motif, and five copies of the SPXX motif often in gene regulatory proteins. Using Southern blot analysis, the MTA1 gene was found to be highly conserved among all species examined; and using Northern blot analysis, MTA1 transcripts were found in virtually all cell lines of human that were analyzed, including melanoma and breast, cervix and ovarian carcinoma cells and normal breast epithelial However, the expression level of the MTA1 gene in a normal breast epithelial cell was approximately 50% of that round in rapidly growing breast adenocarcinoma cell lines and an atypical mammary cell line. Experimental inhibition of MTA1 protein expression using antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides resulted in growth inhibition of human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells with relatively high expression of the MTA1 gene. Furthermore, the MTA1 protein was localized in nuclei of cells transfected using a mammalian expression vector containing the full-length MTA1 gene. The results that the MTA1 protein may function in cellular signaling processes important in the progression and growth of cancer cells, possibly as a nuclear regulatory factor. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.