Comparison of the pitch induced from lamellar and nematic regions in some lyotropic liquid crystal systems

Lamellar phases (L-alpha) composed of decylammonium chloride(DACl), NH4Cl and H2O were doped with cholesteryl-2-ethoxyethoxyethyl carbonate (CEEC) and with L-mandelic acid (L-MA) or its racemic mixture (DL-MA). L-alpha phases of the novel intrinsic optically active L-serine hydrochloride decylester (L-SDE) and its racemic mixture (DL-SDE) Were also prepared. From the chiral L-alpha phases, cholesteric phases (Ch(D)) were induced with increased temperature and it was found that the pitch length shortened as the temperature was raised. This phenomenon is new for micellar cholesterics. The non-chiral L-alpha phases gave pseudo-isotropic and nematic regions with increased temperature. On the basis of these results and those in the literature, a new interpretation of the distorted micelle shape and the formation of the fingerprint texture is presented. The pitches induced from L-alpha regions were always larger than those obtained from nematic regions. From these results it is inferred that the interactions between the micelles in the cholesteric state at room temperature are of 'ideal' type. In addition, the temperature dependence of the pitch in micellar cholesterics is discussed.